SolarLinks

back to http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Sasecurity#Energy_notes SolarAcademicLinks

TeMp1

http://www.cleanergyindustries.com/

solar video 12kwh
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTvAL7ty53M&feature=related large mirror array with gaps in between, known as a Fresnel mirror array. Construction is a flat square(4x4m) divided into grids with square tubes. Each individual square mirror(silicon glued to a metal bracket mounted on a 1/4inch diameter, 20cm length threaded bolt) is focused in turn on a central focal point by bending each bolt with a bending tool. The bolts are spaced down the length of each tube a set distance between each other. A counter balance behind the mirror array is made with suitable weight(sleeper wood). The mirror array and counter balance pivots on a large triangular base(1m height) in the video.

This focused energy heats a steam boiler with 12 gallons of water to 430PSI. In the video the steam drives a two piston steam engine from Steam_Engines3 that turns a 12Kwh generator.

A white bent shroud metal reflector is placed on top of the boiler to reflect back rays onto the boiler that escaped past it. Ideas for the construction were taken from
 * Redrok_solar_links First publication of Fresnel solar furnace.
 * Redrok_solar_links Construction plans for a 4x4m solar Fresnel furnace derived from Carnutt.
 * Redrok_solar_links

The Quasi turbine from Engines2, (Sasecurity) is in commercial production and is a better solution then a steam engine. A single heat absorbing element like a boiler(solar tower) as shown in the video is preferred above the parabolic trough idea. Troughs are difficult to make and have larger wind loading. Their temperatures are limited to 200degree C unless very large.

Hydrogen is produced with the 12Kwh generator for a FuelCell which can be used to build an electric car.

Solar pole in yard
Place a long eskom type pole in the residential yard dig a hole with post hole digger emulating the Spanish solar farm idea,due to reduced residential space. Place helio-stat type mirrors on the roof but small to minimize wind loading and aim this at the pole top. The top is synthetic oil heated to 400 degrees Celcius with fresnel and cpc combination. See the links from Residential water heating with Fresnel lens on using hot oil to cook, boiling water and geysers.

peswiki
http://peswiki.com/index.php/Stirling_Engine

http://www.mech.canterbury.ac.nz/research/stirlingcycle.shtml University research

http://www.steamengine.com.au/index.php/search/stirling?ordering=newest&searchphrase=all Stirling engine plans

Solarfire parabola
Instead of flat mirrors used bended plastic mirrors as per http://www.solarfire.org/tech/helios/helios.html. A square piece of plastic has cross sectional ribs glued from corner to corner in a X shape. It is glued at the center. Near the edges on the rib, a threaded bolt is screwed through to generate a curved parabola shape of of the square mirror. http://www.solarfire.org/tech/helios/helios.html removed the photos and explanation of how they micro adjust a plastic reflective covered mirror in parabola shape with four bolts and two ribs. The ribs are glued at the center of the plastic mirror with the 4 edges not glued, allowing the ribs to bend inwards at the edges as the 4 bolts are tightened. As time allows a picture of how this is done will be uploaded. Solarfire.org should consider placing back this crucial piece of information on their site, it is an extremely cost effective engineering innovation. The plastic mirror is covered with http://www.reflectechsolar.com/pricing.html - Reflective Material.

This section links to Redrok_solar_links

Solar trough by George Plhak
Description of a self built solar tracking parabolic trough water heater by the designer/author. Detailed plans are offered. Made mostly with local materials and common shop tools.

youtube.com/user/georgeplhak
 * http://www.ffwdm.com/solar/order-page.htm
 * Author's blog about the project:
 * http://georgesworkshop.blogspot.com/
 * Timelapse videos of the system in operation:

Solar trough by Sonca

 * http://www.soncna-energija.si Note the way the parabolic trough is constructed by breaking it into six sections.

Solar Cooling System

Q: How does Solar Cooling System work?

A: Solar Cooling System works on WATER - AMONIA liquid.

Q: What is the efficiency of Solar Cooling System?

Solar island
http://hackedgadgets.com/2009/12/17/solar-mirror-array-steam-engine-drives-12kw-generator/#

http://solar-islands.com/

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=FRrXAAAAEBAJ&dq=solar+island+nolaris

Builditsolar.com
http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/Concentrating/concentrating.htm

http://www.builditsolar.com/References/HPOptions.htm

Issue 105 Home Power Magazine. How to build a 1200F solar coffee bean roaster. Certainly one of the highest and best uses for solar power!

http://www.aquaflector.com/ next rationale  technology  prices   contact

Aquaflector

I'm developing a solar concentrator called the Aquaflector Why would you want to do this? Well, one reason would be to make steam. This could be used for heating or running a turbine to create electricity. This is a picture of the aquaflector making steam in the afternoon. You can see the bright section in the middle where the light is focusing. Another possibility is to use the intense light to make electricity a little more directly by putting the light on a solar panel. Solar cells make electrical energy that is proportional to the amount of light energy that falls on them. By putting 10 times the amount of light on a solar panel it is possible to make 10 times the amount of electricity. Why hasn't this been done before??...well it has! but there are few problems.
 * First the cell efficiency goes down as the temperature goes up. This means that to keep the increase in output, you need to keep the temperatures down. This means that some sort of cooling is necessary. I have decided that water cooling looks the most promising.
 * Secondly the cost of concentrator can defeat the cost saving from having fewer solar panels. Motors, mirrors, and moving parts all cost money. This is the problem the aquaflector was created for.

previous next  home  rationale  technology  prices   contact

Aquaflector

Technology

The Aquaflector uses patent pending technology to dramatically reduce the costs of concentration. By avoiding rigid mirrors and motors and gears we achieve 80% of the utility for 5% of the cost First the mirrors are tensioned mirror membranes. The mirrors are not rigid, but are held in tension which keeps them flat and mirror like. They are on replaceable spools which can be quickly replaced. If the mirrors are made of mylar, then they will cost around $1/m². The mylar in the picture on the left is about 7 months old. It should last 1 year easily Other similar materials can last 10 years or more are more expensive, but still priced between $10/m² and $20/m²  A row of mirrors are connected together using a very simple adjustable linkage. Each mirror is calibrated to be aligned with all the other mirrors At the end of each row is a floating counterweight which is suspended in a liquid in a container. Each container is plumbed together, so that all the containers maintain identical liquid levels. The last control system is connected to a computer controlled pump. This pump sets the liquid level for all the floats, and thus every floating counter weight will be at exactly the same heighth. By doing this, large reflective areas can be controlled very economically. It's unbelievably simple. 1 pump could conceivably control 1000's of mirrors and gravity keeps everything aligned with just simple plumbing. Just basic physics!

Homepower.com
solar energy magazine http://homepower.com/home/

books on solar
http://www.powerfromthesun.net/Chapter9/Chapter9new.htm#9.2%20%20%20%20Compound%20Parabolic%20Concentrators%20%28CPC%29

sunseeker: BEST SOLUITION
Option solution:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyRk4QO8_6Y video shows a grid of small fresnel lenses in one large block all focused on small PVC cells. This is a better solution than stirling engine because a stirling is only 4x more efficient than unconcentrated PVC cells.

Sunseeker Energy http://www.sunseekerenergy.com has established itself as an ethical green business committed to developing new generation solar and hybrid power technologies for sustainable energy use throughout the world.

Sunseeker Energy's Concentrator Solar Transducer Systems are more powerful yet they are also more energy efficient than conventional flat panel solar energy units. Conventional flat panel products operate at efficiencies far lower than concentrator systems, with a typical figure being in the order of 15%. Sunseeker Energy concentrating photovoltaic solar collectors have been independently verified at efficiencies up to 38%. producing 300 Watt/Square meter of pure power. Here's the Press Release: http://www.webtrafficguy.com/solarnews

OPTIONS

 * Use the concentric rings or slats from svtti.com to heat oil as per http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/StirlingEngine#Solar_steam_turbine and http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Residential_water_heating_with_Fresnel_lens


 * Use arrays of 1x1m heliostats as per http://www.practicalsolar.com/, but instead of using his flat mirrors used bended plastic mirrors as per http://www.solarfire.org/tech/helios/helios.html or even better the SoharaDotOrg concept.

Place the SoharaDotOrg or on residential roofs, focusing the light on water cooled PV cells. PV cells combined with concentrated sunlight are more efficient than StirlingEngine. Stirling Engines are four times as efficient as unconcentrated PV cells, but won't work with hazy weather, where PV cells will still operate. After sunset Stirling engines are used to generate electricity from hot oil as per Residential water heating with Fresnel lens.

The http://www.practicalsolar.com/ heliostat has 8 mirros the 9th center mirror is removed for a clamp. The mirror steering electronics design are from http://www.redrok.com/led3xassm.htm.


 * The heliostats with bended square mirrors inside.
 * 2cm air gaps between individual mirrors to reduce wind loading.
 * Much less torque and motor size needed to focus helio stat mirrors.
 * Focus an array of heliostats onto a parallel FresnelLens which in turn channels the energy into a fiber cable.
 * A collection of 8 mirrors are steered by the drivers and not every single mirror needs to be manipulated.

Genei Interlocking solar Concentrator and Stirling Engine
http://genei.us/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HThVyMA8Jw&feature=related

Genei "Solar Eye" Concentrator Dish powers a Stirling Engine for electric generation. Target ring temperature 450 to 500 degree temperature with Stirling engine running. For large scale utility generation, Genei series of patent protected "Solar Eye" Concentrator Dishes are more effiecient, lighter, cost less and easier to construct compared to glass based dishes. www.genei.us Genei is a technology licensing company. Our patent protected interlocking, load bearing design with good, better and best mirror elements affirms our leaddership position after 30,000 worldwide patent searches. Because our patent protected interlocking and load bearing construction Genei solar eye concentrators are easily scalble to large utility applications.

Journals and federal labs
http://www.ises.org/ises.nsf

http://www.ises.org/shortcut.nsf/to/sej

http://www.nrel.gov/solar/news/2010/901.html Over a period of many months, NREL conducted a number of optical tests on the new, lightweight SkyTrough, a parabolic trough collector developed by SkyFuel. NREL engineers worked with SkyFuel engineers to identify areas of the reflector in need of attention. After a series of improvements, test results on NREL's Optical Efficiency Test Loop, combined with heat loss results from our receiver test lab showed that the new design has a high performance comparable to that of the best glass mirror modules.

http://www.skyfuel.com/#/OUR%20PRODUCTS/SKYTROUGH/

http://www.schottsolar.com/global/ heat absorbing tubes

http://www.svvti.com/links.htm

rotary heat engine
http://www.davinci-mode.co.jp/e/technology.html Rankine cycle, Tokyo university

Hydrogen production
http://www.gizmag.com/fukai-hydrogen-extraction-process/16674/

laser
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-10/lockheeds-new-fiber-laser-packs-punch-inverse-prism

2-5kW Stirling engine
* http://sites.google.com/site/scarboroughsite/Home/HomemadePower/distribute-power Ques:A big challenge for this idea is the availability of a robust, cost effective, lightweight Stirling cycle engine in the 2-to-5kW range designed for use with solar heating. While there is a fair amount of information on the web about the cycle and history, these engines are specialized components and it's almost impossible to find commercially available examples. It seems as though you have to build one yourself if you want one. Designing and building a Stirling cycle engine for this application is no simple feat! For maximum efficiency you need to place the engine/generator combo at the prime focus of a parabolic reflector. This demands lightweight construction. Lightness and compactness require a high cycle efficiency, and this in turn requires a large temperature difference between the hot end and the cool end plus an effective regenerator to transfer heat between the compression and expansion processes. This has got to be difficult, otherwise why are they so hard to find?

Answ: Use parabolic troughs or fresnel lenses to heat up oil in a thermal battery. Pump the hot oil around the stirling engine, it thus won't need to be focused at the focul point of a parabolic lens.

PVC cells
http://www.fibercellinc.com/

http://www.pyronsolar.com/index.html from http://sites.google.com/site/myhomesolar/articles/top-10-solar-technologies

http://www.popularmechanics.co.za/content/news/singlepage.asp?key=994

http://www.optoiq.com/index/photonics-technologies-applications/lfw-display/lfw-article-display/2856367186/articles/laser-focus-world/volume-46/issue-7/newsbreaks/wake-forest_patents.html A new type of potentially low-cost solar cell that is twice as efficient as traditional organic solar cells—and may even rival silicon flat-panel cells—has been patented by research professors in the Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials at Wake Forest University (Winston-Salem, NC). FiberCell, a Winston-Salem spinoff of the nanotechnology center, has already licensed the technology for commercialization and has successfully fabricated lightweight and flexible solar-cell modules using inexpensive roll-to-roll and spray-on techniques.

http://www.innovalight.com/technology.html

http://www.jasolar.com/

Korea stirling engines
http://www.heliostat.co.kr sun tracking device with motors etc.

http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&sl=ko&u=http://www.heliostat.co.kr/2.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dstirling%2Bengines%2Bkorea%2Bsite:.co.kr%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26as_qdr%3Dall&rurl=translate.google.co.za&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh2KmCAR3agVkBp3Ru3-reFcB1W3g

sun tracking with fresnel lenses, various designs

Solar heat exchangers and WORKING TURBINES http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&sl=ko&u=http://www.heliostat.co.kr/new-page-42.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dstirling%2Bengines%2Bkorea%2Bsite:.co.kr%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26as_qdr%3Dall&rurl=translate.google.co.za&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgw84vM0jgQyn2G6t2PYmQ8E4E4yw

Energy Innovations
http://www.energyinnovations.com/ Sunflower fresnel lenses

Patent 6959993 http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=MJMUAAAAEBAJ&dq=6959993 Adjust lenses individual

http://www.google.com/patents?id=cZ-rAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4#v=onepage&q&f=false Group lens adjustment

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=jI1-AAAAEBAJ&dq=%22Energy+Innovations%22

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=6k_IAAAAEBAJ&dq=%22Energy+Innovations%22

Open farm tech
http://openfarmtech.org/index.php/Solar_Turbine_Prototype_at_Factor_e_Farm

Black poly-pipe
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBAi_TVNaiM&feature=channel Black poly pipe on roof generates hot water.

heat pump
http://www.howhot.co.za/home.html

Reflectech
Reflectech produces a reflective material very close to the efficiency of mirror, that is covered over any object to form a reflective surfaces such as a parabolic dish. Thus we can use scrap material, compressed wood, crushed glass to form parabolic troughs etc and then cove it with this reflective material. Without reflectech a DIY approach to energy production won't be feasible. Cover a diy SolarLinks with Reflectech at around $22 per square meter.
 * http://www.reflectechsolar.com/pricing.html from http://openfarmtech.org/index.php/Rick_Thomas_on_solar.

http://www.altenergymag.com/news_detail.php?pr_id=12617

ReflecTech® Mirror Film is the key design-driving innovation in the award-winning SkyTrough® parabolic trough solar concentrator. Both ReflecTech® Mirror Film and SkyTrough™ were developed through cooperative research with the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. SkyTrakker™ provides the local electronics that control and direct a trough’s movement by determining the optimal position for the collector based on calculating the sun’s position. The SkyTrakker™ represents a step-change in features, reliability and life-cycle costs of control units for parabolic trough power plants.
 * http://www.skyfuel.com/#/OUR%20PRODUCTS/

SkyTrakker™ is a critical component of SkyFuel’s product design and it is also available to the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) industry for use in parabolic trough projects.

SkyFuel, in partnership with the Helac Corporation, have combined the SkyTrakker™ with a customized L30 helical, hydraulic rotary actuator to make the OnSun™ tracking, control and drive system.

Innovative SkyTrakker™ system features include:

• Advanced Health Monitoring – Capability to monitor and diagnose the solar collector performance and drive system operation

• Green Power Consumption – Reduced parasitic losses; half the power usage of prior generation control systems

• Variable Frequency Drive Motor – Controls the startup of the hydraulic pump motor, limits inrush current, allows for the most precise sun tracking and reduces electricity consumption.

• Flexible Communications – Network wired (RS-485) and/or wireless (2.4GHz RF) and Local PC control (USB).

• Flexible Electrical Power Inputs - Accepts from 110VAC to 220VAC single or three-phase.

• Easy Installation – The entire system is comprised of only two major elements for quick mounting and connection.

The combination of these features provide a trouble-free parabolic trough sun tracking system resulting in reduced operating costs and greater power production.

Qalovis 38kw Stirling Engine
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tq0QUp6LyCo&feature=related. Use fiber optic cables/FresnelLens combination to generate heat in the heat chamber instead of burning biomass.
 * http://www.qalovis.com 38kw electric output Stirling engine commercially available

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0h6O2l6e0k&feature=related

Thermal battery powering Stirling engine
The core innovative technology behind the success of the WhisperGen™ heat and power system is a Stirling external combustion engine. The four cylinder Stirling WhisperGen™ heat and power system, first released commercially in 1998, produces electricity and hot water suitable for household use or space heating. A patented mechanism, the Wobble Yoke, transfers the vertical motion of the pistons to the rotary motion of the alternator. The DC WhisperGen works well in conjunction with other forms of electrical or heating generation including solar heating, solar (Photo Voltaic), wind, another generator, or boiler.
 * http://www.whispergen.com/main/technology/
 * http://www.whispergen.com/content/library/Don_Clucas_Stirling_engine_generator_development.pdf

The heat to the engine is provided by a burner. Various burners, developed by Whisper Tech Limited specifically for the WhisperGen™ heat and power system, allow different models to operate on specific fuels including diesel, kerosene and natural gas.

http://www.volpower.co.nz/wawcs0131756/ln-whispergen.html. The Whisper gen seems to be the only commercial available Stirling engine and only in New Zealand. Buy the machine, strip it apart and scan every nut and bolt with a 3D-laser scanner(accurate to 0.001mm) upload the files in Autocad format together with the patent and publish on the Internet. Increase the size the stirling engine to 500Watt, string 20 of these in parallel, combined with power electronics for a single AC wave, which in turn is converted into 3-phase AC to power agriculture pumps or SA won' t have food in 5years because farmers can't pay the rates.

Thermal batteries maintain their heat energy through the night. This allows a StirlingEngine to provide 24hours of electricity. One cubic meter of a container containing glass beads and hot oil provides 100Kwhours of thermal energy. MoltenSalt is another option. In places where space is an issue and FresnelLens can't be used this is a solution. Any open piece of field as close as possible to the residence is used to setup solar array heliostats, Fresnel, parabolic or troughs to heat up oil to 300Cdegrees. The container is hoisted onto a truck and just like a milk truck of old stops by every home to swap out the oil containers(cold, hot) adjacent to the wall. The hot oil is used to power a StirlingEngine for home electricity generation. The cold oil pumped back into a second container which is removed by the truck to be "recharged" back to 100Kwatt by the sun. To reduce costs a community should purchase their own truck etc.

Or install the http://www.svvti.com/about.htm solar through design on the roof and pump the oil from trough to trough if space is at a premium. The industrial scale 10Mwatt commercial long range trough designs are for turbines because 3Mwatt Stirling engines can't be made. Most articles on solar energy are biased towards large scale commercial designs using turbines. But for small scale 100watt - 10kwatt generation heating up oil to power 20 StirlingEngines in parallel would be very easy to do.

Hydrogen production
http://www.esolar.com/

Use sun energy to generate hydrogen for fuel cells.

yahoo groups

 * http://yahoogroups.com/group/HotAirEngineSociety
 * http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/sesusa/

The realisation of that process can be found at the Fast Track page of the Communicable Insight website created by Dr. Allan J. Organ author of several seminal books about the Stirling engine. We are now discussing the construction of engines using this chart based design process. We are NOT discussing the process itself.

If your pursuit of an engine can be satisfied with a kinematic air/Nitrogen or Hydrogen charged engine which has the GPU-3 as the prototype, then you are in the right place.
 * http://web.me.com/allan.j.o/Communicable_Insight/FastTrack.html

There are numerous heat engine cycles of a similar nature to the Stirling process. Typically these are called “Hot Air Engines” of which a subset of those are classified as LTD Stirling engines (LTD = Low Temperature Differential). If this is your area of interest, you are invited to join the HotAirEngineSociety (HAES) list at YahooGroups as a place to start ( http://yahoogroups.com/group/HotAirEngineSociety).

Rick metioned it, and I repeat it now. The APAIR.Bells layout can mimic the gas-phasing relations common in Alpha's but in a pure Beta engine. This includes Delta P what is related to a high Delta T. What most did not read in the document is that it can  easely be configured as any Beta type, ofcourse its a Beta. The drive-train proposed on the Allan.O.J site is the one mentioned in the APAIR.Bells document (page 3 end of section 3.1). U.S. patent 4,546,663 Oct. 15, 1985; Drive linkage for Stirling cycle and other machines James G. Wood, Sunpower INC. It lacks the fine tuning of the lateral deviations at point T Zig, Rick and me came up with. At point S the motion is a simple arc

DIY stirling
The complete set of plan drawings for the exciting Stirling-Steele Engine is available from the inventor and designer himself.( http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5394700.pdf). The package contains 26 pages of highly detailed drawings and instructions providing all the necessary information to produce this modern compact version of a Stirling Engine. The Stirling Steele Engine can be machined on a 6" lathe and small milling machine from readily available material. A full Bill of Materials (BOM) is included as are assembly instructions. This is not a kit but a full set of dimensioned drawings.
 * http://www.sesusa.org/ Stirling engine society of America, join their mailing list
 * http://www.sesusa.org/steele/steele.htm
 * http://www.stirlingsteele.com/ Plans for building Stirling engine

In the Stirling-Steele engine, four gamma type Stirlings are daisy chained together. This is done by driving the displacers via linear drive rods which are attached to the top of power pistons. The rods pass thru a sealed bulkhead and the displacer cylinders are ported to power piston cylinders that are phased behind them 90 degrees. This allows an engine that only requires one crank throw per piston where other types of Stirlings require two. Fewer crankcase penetrations along with a simpler crank permit for a more cost effective engine to manufacture. Building four cylinder engines instead of single cylinder units has several strong advantages such as easy starting, good balance, smooth running even at very low speeds, increased heater and cooler surface area and good low end torque. As an external combustion engine, the Stirling-Steele engine can easily meet the EPA standards for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. Since it is a closed cycle device, it runs very quietly without the need of a muffler.

The New Steele Double-Cam Stirling Engine. The new double cam drive is a very versatile and cost effective answer to multi cylinder beta type Stirlings. Beta type Stirlings with their higher compression ratios have long be thought to be the most hopeful Stirling for integrating into our energy hungry world. Now with this new Stirling drive it is possible to group or cluster multiple beta type Stirlings together to provide compact cost effective Stirling power producing engines or heat pumps for real world applications. Plans for this engine and finished engines based on this design are not available for sale however the US Patent covering this design improvement is available for license..
 * http://www.stirlingsteele.com/Steele_Engine_Patent_7043909.html
 * http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7043909.pdf

Question assumptions
http://www.stirlingengine.com/faq/one?scope=public&faq_id=1#9 "....Q: Where can I get a 5 to 25 kW Stirling engine for my house, car, boat, etc. that will run on any fuel from cow chips to sunshine and be price competitive with a Honda generator of the same capacity?

While it would be very nice if such an engine existed at a price per kW that is competitive with gasoline or diesel engines, that probably isn't realistic at first. Gasoline and diesel generators are manufactured by the millions. When a 5 to 25 kW Stirling engine design first reaches the market it will initially be manufactured in much lower quantities and so undoubtedly will cost more per kW than competitive gasoline and diesel engines....."

Which is true but the author is assuming that you need to build one huge 5kw engine. You don't, multiple 500Watt engines AC wave outputs can be combined into a single AC wave with appropriate IGBT switching technology. For 10kw 22 engines would be needed with the construction costs much lower than it would have been for four 5kw engines.

Jim Dancy 1.5Kwatt system
Limits to 220rpm for increased torque and power using mechanical governor. Which links to various DIY Stirling sites: Stirling Engine society - USA (SESUSA) - http://www.sesusa.org/ mailing list as follows: I am developing designs of that kind myself and lately I found an design (using liquid pistons) with only ONE MOVING PART and SELF STARTING in the sunlight. Based on that design I have a modified do-it-yourself-instruction I can offer to everybody interested in (for free). It can be build in half an afternoon and even if you deletantically build it - it works.
 * http://www.starspin.com/stirlings/jimd6.html 2.5hp or 1.5Kwatt self built engine
 * http://www.starspin.com/stirlings/index.html
 * http://www.stirlingsouth.com/Roy/others/hubert/hubert.htm
 * http://www.geocities.com/~rrice2/my_engines/engines.html

Electric car Stirling combination
South-Africa has huge landmass. Trees can be harvested and burned to power a StirlingEngine and charge a battery pack. http://newenergydirection.com/blog/2008/11/stirling-hybrid-electric-car/

http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/blogs/cars-transportation/dean-kamen-deka-revolt-electric-car-stirling-461108

http://newenergydirection.com/blog/2008/10/stirling-engine-project/ Extended discussion, links to links, bellows instead of piston

http://www.dekaresearch.com/

http://newenergydirection.com/blog/2008/10/stirling-engine-project/

Redrok
http://www.redrok.com/neat.htm#thermionic List of patents

http://www.redrok.com/tmendish.htm Solar furnace Combine this idea with the curved parabolic mirrors with, glue and ribs from the other site I can't remember just now. The redrok design eliminates wind loading by spaces between the smaller mirrors.

http://www.firgelliauto.com/product_info.php?cPath=78&products_id=49 Actuators 75kg force

http://www.redrok.com/electron.htm#vdish1

http://www.redrok.com/led3xassm.htm

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/stirlingmodelengine/

http://heetgasmodelbouw.ridders.nu/Webpaginas/pagina_ltd_stirling_met_cds/cd_dstirling_frameset.htm

http://www.redrok.com/NewtonSolarSteamManuscript.pdf steam turbine

http://www.practicalsolar.com/

http://www.sciencecenter.net/eesolar/projects/temecula/index.htm

http://www.stirlingengine.com/download/lockwood_chpt6.pdf

Google sites pages
http://sites.google.com/site/myhomesolar/articles/top-10-solar-technologies

http://www.pyronsolar.com/index.html

http://cleantechnica.com/2009/09/29/solar-energy-breakthrough-goal-of-mit-team/

http://cleantechnica.com/2009/09/23/solar-paint-could-make-those-white-roofs-even-better/ paint

http://www.covalentsolar.com/

http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/energy/akeena-solars-andalay-ac-recognized--breakthrough-product-popular-mechanics/

Infinia 3kw Stirling engine
Infinia's residential Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems are currently only available in Europe and Asia through our partners: Rinnai, Bosch, MTS Group and ENATEC. If you are interested in purchasing this product please contact us


 * http://www.infiniacorp.com/ Commercial 3kw Stirling engine
 * http://www.infiniacorp.com/media/Spec_Sheet_August09.pdf Product description
 * Infinia was Stirling Technology company and used patent http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6931848/fulltext.html registered to VC firm http://www.powerplayenergy.net
 * http://www.powerplayenergy.net
 * Patent expires January 8, 2023, written by Carrillo
 * http://venturebeat.com/2007/06/15/infinia-gets-94m-to-push-the-stirling-engine-for-solar/ $9mil funding
 * http://sites.google.com/site/mrobyncarrillo/patents-written Stirling patents
 * http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6931848/fulltext.html
 * http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/7134279/description.html Infinia corporation
 * Famed inventor Dean Kamen has also been working on Stirling engines for quite some time, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=technology&res=9500E2D7133CF936A25757C0A9649C8B63

The deal also includes the acquisition of Stirling Cycles, a company developing Stirling engine technology, from Idealab for an undisclosed sum, and which has also been working on the Stirling process for years.

Power Play Energy, LLC based in New Canaan, Connecticut, is a privately-held private equity firm which owns alternative energy-related intellectual property and assets. And as each of these types of companies fragments hundreds of Stirling patents, the Stirling engine can't be commercially produced at reasonable cost because each patent holder wants royalties. We hack the patents and build ourselves via fronts.

Infinia Corporation, a Kennewick, Washington-based company, today announced that it has closed a $50 million Series B round of financing.The funds will be used to support the commerical launch of the company's Infinia Solar System product, which J.D. Sitton, Infinia's President and CEO, states, "[W]ill change the game in the solar power generation market." The Infinia Solar System combines Infinia’s free-piston Stirling engine with a dish-style solar concentrator to produce three kilowatts of grid-quality electric power. Infinia expects to start manufacturing and selling this product later in 2008.

Venture companies in green tech
http://www.greenvc.org/power_play_energy/

8ft balloons focusing on PV cells

 * http://www.coolearthsolar.com/ balloon solar focusing technology
 * http://www.coolearthsolar.com/CoolEarth_SP2006.pdf
 * http://www.patentstorm.us/applications/20080047546/fulltext.html
 * http://www.patentstorm.us/search.html?q=coolearth&s.x=0&s.y=0&s=s

Our inflated, balloon-shaped concentrators are key to Cool Earth's innovative design. Each 8-foot-diameter concentrator is made of plastic film—the same kind of plastic film used to bag potato chips, pretzels, and so on—with a transparent upper hemisphere and a reflective lower hemisphere. When inflated with air, the concentrator naturally forms a shape that focuses or concentrates sunlight onto a PV cell placed at the focal point. This means we need fewer cells to produce a lot more electricity. In fact, a single cell in our concentrator generates about 300 to 400 times the electricity of a cell without a concentrator.

wiki type project
Openfarm links to many sites such as
 * http://openfarmtech.org/index.php?title=Solar_Turbine Turbines
 * http://openfarmtech.org/index.php?title=Bladed_Turbine Turbine from MSc thesis
 * http://www.fossilfreedom.com/increase-output.html many projects vacuumed glass etc.

http://www.otherpower.com/otherpower_wind.shtml

http://www.opendesign.org/

Solar ring
http://www.svvti.com/about.htm ''Lens replaces Fresnel and trough designs. '' The Ring-Array Concentrator (RAC) is an ultra-powerful optical lens based on an array of nested ring reflectors. This patented design is completely free from the light-dispersion effects of conventional refractive lenses which allows for obtaining much higher efficiencies and concentrations for a broad range of electromagnetic energy spectrum. RAC forms a high-power beam on its rear side which can be ideal for many solar solar applications including high-concentration PV modules, electric generators based on Stirling heat engines, high-heat furnaces, hydrogen production, material processing, etc.

They claim it was patented, but the patent can't be found yet. There was a similar patent using rings but it expired in 2000. The rings were level, in the svvti.com design the rings rise up gradually.

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6971756.html Vasylyev Viktor holds one patent on solar energy
 * Concave slats instead of parabolic through design

Green power science
Non-patentable Stirling engines($285 - 40watt), which can easily be copied and reproduced with our own lathes and CNC machines. [url]http://www.greenpowerscience.com/SHOPHOME.html[/url] 40 to 500watt engine with parabolic and fresnel with youtube video. Multiple engines AC outputs are combined via IGBT, Mosfet etc. for a single large supply to power agriculture pumps, Fridges, air conditioners etc. Switching losses will be an issue, thus probably more viable for farms and small holdings, unless installed on flat roofs. Even 3.7kwatt can be built but at this size it gets expensive. Smaller 500Watt, each with its own heliostat, parabolic , Fresnel or Compound parabolic concentrator is used.

The whole issue is : build it yourself or create a community fund and buy the lathes etc. to crank out these machines. It can't be commercially reproduced at a reasonable cost. Thankfully there is nothing complicated about a generic Stirling engine.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gW7j3ioLQEw&feature=channel

Stirling Engine links
http://www.stirlingengine.com/faq/one?scope=public&faq_id=1

http://www.energytower.org/ Towers

http://www.stirlingengines.org.uk/manufact/manf/usa/new2.html See SolarAcademicLinks

http://sites.google.com/site/inaapt1/Home/web-page-files/StirlingPower.pdf Rhombic drive stirling more efficient than other designs

Dr. Senft's book "Ringbom Stirling Engines"

http://www.mech.canterbury.ac.nz/documents/testube.pdf

http://sites.google.com/site/openstirlingengine/Home/other-stirling-engine-sites-and-projects Alpha engine prototype

ing Engine operation can be found at:

http://www.keveney.com/Vstirling.html

http://www.keveney.com/Stirling.html

http://www.sfu.ca/~sfungc/stirlingengine.htm

http://techni.tachemie.uni-liepzig.de/stirling/

http://members.tripod.de/PeterFette/etatherm.htm

http://www.trainweb.org/tusp/news/fireless.html

http://www.trainweb.org/tusp/news/turbine.html

http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/javatour/trains/modern12.htm

Whispergen.com
* http://www.whispergen.com/main/technology/ * http://www.whispergen.com/content/library/Don_Clucas_Stirling_engine_generator_development.pdf The core innovative technology behind the success of the WhisperGen™ heat and power system is a Stirling external combustion engine. The four cylinder Stirling WhisperGen™ heat and power system, first released commercially in 1998, produces electricity and hot water suitable for household use or space heating. A patented mechanism, the Wobble Yoke, transfers the vertical motion of the pistons to the rotary motion of the alternator. The heat to the engine is provided by a burner. Various burners, developed by Whisper Tech Limited specifically for the WhisperGen™ heat and power system, allow different models to operate on specific fuels including diesel, kerosene and natural gas.

http://www.volpower.co.nz/wawcs0131756/ln-whispergen.html dealer for WhisperGen™ automated power station (APS) is currently available only in New Zealand via Volpower (NZ) Limited. A robust, low-maintenance and weather independent 12V or 24V heat and power system, the WhisperGen™ heat and power system is ideal for supplying remote automated sites or for use in environmentally sensitive areas…even in the most remote location. CURRENTLY BEING TRIALLED: The WhisperGen™ automated power station (APS) is an integrated, transportable 'plug and play' system that is fully customisable for applications that require independent, on-demand heat and power. Automatically and quietly manages your batteries and your hot water, starting and stopping without the need for human intervention. The DC WhisperGen is a 70Amph (12V) or 35Amph (24V) battery charger that also produces 5.5kW of heat energy for hot water and space heating. This hot water can be used as part of your heating requirement and also to heat your water for domestic purposes (enough energy to heat 300 litres within 2.5 hours). At maximum output, diesl consumption is only 0.75litres per our. Conversion of fuel to electricity and heat energy is greater than 90% when charging and heating, which also means that the DC WhisperGen produces no visible exhaust fumes and no obvious smell even when running at full capacity. The DC WhisperGen works well in conjunction with other forms of electrical or heating generation including solar heating, solar (Photo Voltaic), wind, another generator, or boiler. Typical applications for the DC WhisperGen are; marine, off grid, emergency vehicles and mobile homes. Lightweight, compact, smart and very quiet.

Quasiturbine
Moved to Engines2

science online
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHYbO53L_YY&feature=related

Purchase: http://hilaroad.com/video/ This video demonstrates how solar energy can be focused with a curved mirror. Once focused this energy can be used to cook food, sterilize water even create electricity. Includes an explanation of Energy, Power, Joules, Watts. Examples of radiant, heat, chemical and kinetic energy are given. Includes links to directions for constructing a simple solar concentrator.

CPC compact parabolic concentrator
Tailored edge-ray concentrators as ideal second stages for Fresnel reflectors. Tailer edged concentrator allows imperfect FresnelLens and mirror arrays.
 * http://openfarmtech.org/index.php?title=Non-imaging_optics
 * http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3774149

Seebeck effect
Generate electricity with temperature difference by em-TECH in MA. http://www.practicalsolar.com/technology.html#Practical_Solar_heliostats_with_concentrator_cell_technology_(advanced_PV)

sandia lab
http://www.energylan.sandia.gov/sunlab/sunlab.htm

Mechanical engineers working on Stirling engines
http://sites.google.com/site/mohamediqbalp/main/resume-html

links
http://www.solarovens.org/

http://www.cirkits.com/solar/solarlinks.html links to links

http://www.tonchev.org/hcaren.html

Organize better
http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/pdfs/patent_id/4707990.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/pdfs/patent_id/4079591.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/pdfs/patent_id/5005360.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/pdfs/patent_id/4982569.html

http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Parabolic_reflectors

http://www.3dlens.com/fresnellens.htm

http://www.charm.net/~jriley/energy/solarforge.html

http://www.top50-solar.de/en

http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Solar_Fryer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning-glass

http://www.countercurrents.org/mason311207.htm

http://inventors.about.com/od/blackinventors/a/Black_History_J_2.htm

http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/earth/4243793.html

http://www.gizmag.com/dean-kamen-segway-hybrid-scooter/12096/

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4799778/fulltext.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4875756/fulltext.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4787722/fulltext.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6037594/description.html

http://www.powerfromthesun.net/Chapter9/Chapter9new.htm#9.2%20%20%20%20Compound%20Parabolic%20Concentrators%20(CPC)

http://www.appropedia.org/Compound_parabolic_concentrator

http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/app/research/solar/clfr.html

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/9e6316cd6881a59c#

http://www.iedu.com/DeSoto/Projects/Stirling/HTAbsorber/

http://www.iedu.com/DeSoto/Projects/Stirling/HTAbsorber/Angles.html

http://www.iedu.com/DeSoto/Projects/Stirling/HTAbsorber/Grooves.html

http://www.sohara.org/

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/1712ea4fbac28896#

http://www.atlanticenergy.ca/projects/WayneLangilleSolarAirCollectors/tabid/72/Default.aspx

http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/SpaceHeating/SolarBarn.pdf

http://www.builditsolar.com/Experimental/AirCollectors/AirCollectors.htm

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/d6bbe35ad91a0db6#

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/difficulties.html

http://www.sopogy.com/

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/collector.pdf

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/pipe.html

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/collector.html#quality

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/index.html

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/ce87e47764434aee#

http://www.iedu.com/DeSoto/solar.html

http://cediac.uncu.edu.ar/ges.html

http://www.termo-gen.com/

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/0987e3f8628a38e9#

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/storage.html

https://www.gyroscope.com/d.asp?product=ECOFAN2

https://www.gyroscope.com/TeslaTurbines/

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/78b748393dfbc724#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/62bebe78381ecb43#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/2b8943a9aa4ef920#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/9a758f0092440bb5#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/fe8b43c5ab4750cc#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/ee9ef94a5c4b3442#

http://www.builditsolar.com/Experimental/PEXCollector/PEXCollector.htm

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/5e3e0c1a416d4551#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/2f74512b27cbd2f1#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/topics?start=210&sa=N

http://arabic.jowhar.com/engi/

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/bf9a079a8bc45c21#

http://solarheatpower.veritel.com.au/Buie%20CLFR%20Paper.pdf

http://www.redrok.com/electron.htm#vdish1

http://www.redrok.com/led3xassm.htm

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/4b3ed8a65a2a9943#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/41428e473f4704cb#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/2d82496d40141786#

http://www.svvti.com/technologies/index.htm

http://www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net/Index.html

http://www.spaceandmotion.com/inventions/convert-petrol-motor-stirling-engine.htm

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/%7Ekhirata/academic/simple/simplee.htm

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/%7Ekhirata/academic/indexe.htm

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/%7Ekhirata/academic/kiriki/home.html

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/%7Ekhirata/academic/schmidt/schmidt.htm

http://www.microchp.nl/stirling_engine.htm