Education Statistics

'''This list of resources is part of a statistical directory compiled by the EBSS Reference Sources & Services Committee. You can find the full directory here: 

General sources that include international and national or regional data
'''Congressional Information Service. “LexisNexis Statistical.” LexisNexis. http://web.lexis-nexis.com/statuniv/form/stat/s_abstract.html (accessed Oct. 31, 2006).'''
 * LexisNexis Statistical indexes federal, state and international statistics which include education statistics. The website is equivalent to accessing the formerly printed American Statistics Index (Federal data), Statistical Reference Index (Business and State data), and Index to International Statistics.  Access is available via LexisNexis.

'''Mestre, Lori "Statistics for Education." University of Massachusetts. http://www.library.umass.edu/subject/education/statist.html (accessed May 1, 2006).'''
 * A good source for statistical data in the following areas: “General Statistics,” “International Statistics,” and “School Statistics”.

'''U.S. Census Bureau. The Statistical Abstract: The National Data Book. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, Data User Services Division, 2006. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/ (accessed Oct. 30, 2006). Also available in print.'''
 * A comprehensive listing of statistics in all fields published by the government. Arrangement is by topic, so for statistics look in the “education” and “comparative international statistics” sections.

'''York, Grace. "Statistical Resources on the Web: Education." University of Michigan Library. Documents Center. http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/steduc.html (accessed June 6, 2007).'''
 * This page contains several sections including the following: All Education Levels (United States and International), computers, libraries, literacy, school violence, and technical education.

General sources for the US
'''National Center for Education Statistics. Projections of education statistics to ... Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 2007. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/projections/ (accessed June 6, 2007). Also available in print.'''
 * Provides 10-year projections of statistics for elementary and secondary schools and institutions of higher education; includes enrollments, graduates, teachers, and expenditures.

'''National Center for Education Statistics., & Institute of Education Sciences (U.S.),. Mini-digest of education statistics. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, 2007. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS36249 (accessed July 3, 2007). Also available in print.'''
 * A brief compilation of American education statistics.

'National Center for Education Statistics., & Snyder, Thomas D. 120 years of American education : A statistical portrait''. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. National Center for Education Statistics, 1993. Also available online at http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS4172.'''
 * Historical American education statistics.

'''Snyder, Thomas D., Alexandra G. Tan, and Charlene M. Hoffman. Digest of education statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/ (accessed June 6, 2007). Also available in print.'''
 * From site: "The primary purpose of the Digest of Education Statistics is to provide a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field of American education from prekindergarten through graduate school. The Digest includes a selection of data from many sources, both government and private, and draws especially on the results of surveys and activities carried out by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). To qualify for inclusion in the Digest, material must be nationwide in scope and of current interest and value. The publication contains information on a variety of subjects in the field of education statistics, including the number of schools and colleges, teachers, enrollments, and graduates, in addition to educational attainment, finances, federal funds for education, libraries, and international education. Supplemental information on population trends, attitudes on education, education characteristics of the labor force, government finances, and economic trends provides background for evaluating education data."

'''National Center for Education Statistics. "Common core of data." U.S. Department of Education. http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/index.asp (accessed June 6, 2007). '''
 * From site: "The Common Core of Data (CCD) is a program of the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics that annually collects fiscal and non-fiscal data about all public schools, public school districts and state education agencies in the United States. The data include information that describes schools and school districts, including name, address, and phone number; descriptive information about students and staff, including demographics; and fiscal data, including revenues and current expenditures."

'''National Center for Education Statistics. "Fast facts about education." U.S. Department of Education. http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/ (accessed June 6, 2007).'''
 * Quick statistical information on a variety of topics, broken into broad subject areas. Updated regularly.

'''National Center for Education Statistics. The condition of education. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000-2007. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/ (accessed June 6, 2007). Also available in print.'''
 * From site:
 * "To provide such data, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) each year submits to Congress the mandated report of The Condition of Education. This year’s report presents indicators of important developments and trends in American education. Recurrent themes underscored by the indicators include participation and persistence in education, student performance and other outcomes, the environment for learning, and societal support for education."

'''National Center for Education Statistics & National Assessment of Educational Progress. "Nation's report card." U.S. Department of Education. http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard// (accessed June 6, 2007)'''
 * From site:
 * "The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), also known as "the Nation's Report Card," is the only nationally representative and continuing assessment of what America's students know and can do in various subject areas. Since 1969, assessments have been conducted periodically in reading, mathematics, science, writing, U.S. history, civics, geography, and the arts."

'''Nettles, Michael T. and Laura Perna. African American Education Data Book. 3 vols. Fairfax, Va.: Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute, 1997.'''
 * Three volumes of data about the education of African-Americans (v.1 Higher Ed v.2 Preschool through high school and adult education v.3 Transition from school to college and school to work).

'''United States Census Bureau. "1997 Economic Census: Educational Services." U.S. Census Bureau. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS11907 (accessed June 6, 2007).'''
 * Collection of 1997 economic census reports for the NAICS educational services sector.

'''United States Census Bureau, The Education and Social Stratification Branch. "Education." U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, The Education and Social Stratification Branch. http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/education.html (accessed June 6, 2007).'''
 * Taken from the CPS (current population survey) the census provides a few key education indicators here, including attainment, training, enrollment, costs and more.

'''United States Department of Education. "Research & Statistics." http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/landing.jhtml?src=rt (accessed June 6, 2007) '''
 * “The Department houses and supports organizations that provide research, evaluation, and statistics, including the… Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Policy and Programs Studies Service, Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, National Institute on Disability and Education Research, Organizations Sponsored by the Office of Special Education Programs, National Research and Dissemination Centers for Career and Technical Education” –US Dept. of Ed.'''

General State Resources
'''DeBrandt, Katherine A., Deirdre A. Gaquin, and Mary Meghan Ryan. Education Statistics of the United States. 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Bernan Press, 2003.'''
 * Recent and historical U.S. data on school enrollment and educational attainment by age, sex, race, labor force status, and other characteristics.”-BIP. Primarily based on U.S. Census Bureau and National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) data. Includes national, state, and county levels.

'''Gaquin, Deirdre A. and Katherine A. DeBrandt. The Almanac of American Education, 2006.. Lanham, MD: Bernan Press. 2006. Also available electronically from ebrary. Access may be limited to ebrary-affiliated libraries.'''
 * Includes index. pt. A. School enrollment -- pt. B. Region and state education statistics -- pt. C. County education statistics -- Guide to educational resources on the Internet.

'''National Center for Education Statistics. "School District Demographics System." U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics and Institute of Education Sciences. http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sdds/ (accessed June 6, 2007).'''
 * From Site: " The School District Demographics website provides access to school district geographic and demographic data useful for describing and analyzing characteristics of school districts, children, and K-12 education."

'''National Education Association. "Education statistics." National Education Association. http://www.nea.org/edstats/index.html (accessed June 6, 2007).'''
 * Provides state-level data including projects on a variety of public educational topics.

'''National Education Association. “Rankings & Estimates: Rankings of the States 2004 and Estimates of School Statistics 2005.” National Education Association. http://www.nea.org/edstats/images/05rankings.pdf (accessed Oct. 30, 2006).'''
 * Provides state-level data including projects on an variety of public educational topics.

State Profiles
'''National Center for Education Statistics. "State Education Data Profiles." U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics and Institute of Education Sciences. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/stateprofiles/ (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * Search for statewide information in elementary/secondary education characteristics and finance, postsecondary education, public libraries, assessments, and selected demographics for all states."

'''National Association of State Boards of Education. "State Statistics." National Association of State Boards of Education http://www.nasbe.org/educational_issues/state_statistics.htm (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * NASBE is non-profit organization founded to strengthen state leadership in educational policymaking, statistics for each state are listed.

Early Childcare
'''Cornell University. "Linking Economic Development and Child Care: 50 State Database." http://government.cce.cornell.edu/doc/reports/childcare/50state.asp (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * From site: "This database provides an overview of all current, national sources of comparative data on the early care and education sector including: child care economic data, demographic data, and early care and education program (policy) data. Thirty one sources are profiled. These include federal census and administrative data, federal survey data, and national organizations that collect or maintain comparative data on children and families or early care and education more generally. The Description of Data Sources provides information on each data source, variables collected, and hotlinks to each organization's web site to access the raw data. We also provide hotlinks to the relevant section in the Cornell Methodology Guide that discusses the issues to consider when using such data in a regional analysis of the economic importance of child care."

'''Mississippi State University Early Childhood Institute. "The Early Childhood Atlas." Mississippi State University http://www.earlychildhood.msstate.edu/atlas/ (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * The Early Childhood Atlas, developed by the National Center for Rural Early Childhood Learning Initiatives at the Early Childhood Institute of Mississippi State University and the Rural Policy Research Institute, offers a set of easy-to-use online tools to access early childhood data across the 50 states, and counties and municipalities within states. This is one initiative of the Early Childhood Institute, which provides training, technical assistance, and applied research for improved quality and accessibility of early care and education.

'''National Child Care Information Center. "State Information." U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://nccic.org/statedata/index.html (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * Find data summaries and contact information for each State. Data include demographic information about the children, licensing requirements for family and center child care, as well as contact information for different State agencies involved in child care.

Rankings
'''National Education Association. "NEA Annual Report: Rankings & Estimates." National Education Association. http://www.nea.org/takenote/rankingstats05.html (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * This is an annual report produced by the National Education Association that analyzes data provided by State education agencies. This report focuses on population, enrollment and attendance, faculty, financial resources, governmental revenue, school revenue, government expenditures, and school expenditures.

'''Research Connections. "Research Connections State Data Tools." Child Care & Early Education Research Connections http://www.childcareresearch.org/Discover?displayPage=datatools-01.jsp (accessed June 18, 2007).''
 * Contains several data tools developed by the National Center for Children in Poverty that allows the user to create customized tables for a range of child care and social welfare policies and state-level statistics.

'''Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, and College Entrance Examination Board. "Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates by State, Income, and Race/Ethnicity, 1988-2018." Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. http://www.wiche.edu/policy/Knocking/1988-2018/profiles.asp (accessed June 18, 2007).'''

General International Resources
'''Institute of Inernational Education. "Open Doors Online. Report on International Educational Exchange." IIE Network. http://opendoors.iienetwork.org/ (accessed June 27, 2007). Also available in print.'''
 * Includes statistical data on international students in the U.S., American students studying abroad, English intensive programs, online enrollment survey reports, and much more.

'''European Commission. "Eurydice: The Information Network on Education in Europe." European Commission & Member States and Socrates. http://www.eurydice.org/portal/page/portal/Eurydice (accessed June 28, 2007.)'''
 * This site offers extensive descriptive information on the educational systems of EU member countries. Covers from pre-elementary through higher education and special education.

'''UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "UNESCO Statistical Tables on Education." UNESCO Institute for Statistics. http://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?URL_ID=3753&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201 (accessed June 28, 2007.)'''
 * This site includes detailed statistical data by country on enrollments, expenditures for education, and profiles that affect education. See "Data Centre" link for tables.

Cross National Comparison
'''Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. "International Archive of Education Data." Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR),. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/IAED/ (accessed June 18, 2007). '''
 * The International Archive of Education Data (IAED) is a project sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data related to education in the United States and other nations. The Archive acquires, processes, documents, and disseminates data collected by national, state or provincial, local, and private organizations, pertaining to all levels of education in countries for which data can be made available. Data will encompass the "inputs" to education (funding, personnel, teaching resources, facilities, teacher and student preparation, etc.), the variety of processes by which teaching and learning occur, and the "outputs" of education (graduation and matriculation rates, drop-out rates, test scores, job placements, life histories, life assessments, etc.). The data stored in this new Archive are intended to support a wide variety of comparative and longitudinal research through the preservation and sharing of data resources. The Archive seeks to serve the needs of academics, policymakers, and researchers in the field of education.

'''Organisation for Economic Co-operation, and Development and UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Beyond 20/20 Wds." UNESCO Institute for Statistics. http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx (accessed June 18, 2007). '''
 * This source provides international data from the UNESCO used for research on the level of educational support and the factors contributing to education success worldwide. One can find international statistics focusing on enrollment data, student achievement, secondary and tertiary education and much more.

'''Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. "Education at a Glance 2005." Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://www.oecd.org/document/34/0,2340,en_2649_34515_35289570_1_1_1_1,00.html (accessed October 30, 2006).'''
 * Statistical data from OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries that compare student achievement, levels of education, work force outcomes of education and other areas.

'''Sen, Anindita, Lisette A. Partelow, and David C. Miller. "Comparative Indicators of Education in the United States and Other G8 Countries." U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics and Institute of Education Sciences. http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2005021 (accessed June 18, 2007). '''
 * This report, produced by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), provides comparative data between the United States and the other G8 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom). Included in this report are tables comparing academic achievement, test scores, student’s attitudes towards education, teacher salaries, percentage of university degrees awarded and more.  Explanatory text accompanies all data.

'''National Center for Education Statistics. "International Comparisons in Education." U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics and Institute of Education Sciences. http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/international/ (accessed June 18, 2007). '''
 * NCES supports a variety of activities to provide statistical data for cross-national comparisons of education. These activities focus on 2 major areas: indicators and assessments. For the Indicators of National Education Systems (INES) project, the United States, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and other countries collaborate to develop comparable measures of everything from student enrollment and teacher salaries to graduation rates.

'''UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and World Education Indicators Programme. "Education Trends in Perspective: Analysis of the World Education Indicators." UNESCO Institute for Statistics, '''Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and World Education Indicators Programme. http://www.uis.unesco.org/TEMPLATE/pdf/wei/WEI2005.pdf (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * This report analyses educational indicators, including enrollment, number of graduates, entrants and new entrants, class size, curriculum, demography, and education finance in the following countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Jordan, Malaysia, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia, Uruguay and Zimbabwe.

Educational Attainment
'''Great Britain. Government Statistical Service., Great Britain. Dept. for Education and Employment., Great Britain. Scottish Office. Education and Industry Dept., Great Britain. Welsh Office., Great Britain. Dept. of Education for Northern Ireland., and Great Britain. Higher Education Statistics Agency. "Education and Training Statistics for the United Kingdom." Great Britain. Department for Children, Schools and Families. http://www.dfes.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/VOL/v000431/index.shtml (accessed June 18, 2007). '''
 * This source provides a statistical overview of education, vocational, and work related training in the United Kingdom. Areas covered in this work include levels of expenditure on education, size of student populations, population enrolled in post secondary education, levels of academic achievement among various student populations, and data comparing the U.K. educational system with others from around the world.  Available online and in book format."

'''World Bank. Education in Rwanda : Rebalancing Resources to Accelerate Post-Conflict Development and Poverty Reduction. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2004. Also available electronically from Net Library. Access may be limited to Net Library-affiliated libraries. '''
 * This report, produced by the World Bank, provides a plethora of statistics on education in Rwanda. Provided in this report are statistics that document the condition of Rwanda’s education system through 20001.  Included are population and demographic statistics as they relate to education, data on public spending for education, educational attainment and many other aspects of Rwanda’s educational system including tertiary or post secondary education.

'''UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Statistical Tables." UNESCO Institute for Statistics. http://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?URL_ID=5275&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=20 (accessed June 18, 2007). '''
 * The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics contains education, literacy, gender disparities, out-of-school children and other statistics obtained from UNESCO member states. Click on the “Statistics” link on the far left of this page for additional data.

Gender
'''Matsuura, K. Oichir o. "Gender and Education for All : The Leap to Equality." EFA global monitoring report 2003/4. UNESCO. http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=23023&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * This is a progress report produced by UNESCO that assessed the status of gender equity in education on a worldwide scale. Included in this report are the following tables of statistics: Table I:  Country background statistics; Table 2. Adult and youth literacy; Table 3. Early childhood care and education (ECCE); Table 4. Access to primary education; Table 5. Participation in primary education; Table 6. Primary education: internal efficiency; Table 7. Participation in secondary1 and post-secondary non-tertiary education; Table 8. Participation in tertiary education; Table 9. Tertiary education: field of study (%) and female share; Table 10. Teaching staff; Table 11. Private enrolment and education finance.  This report is also available in paper format.

Student Demographics
'''Institute of International Education. "Opendoors Online. Report on International Educational Exchange." IIE Network. http://opendoors.iienetwork.org/ (accessed June 18, 2007). Also available in print.
 * Leading source of data related to foreign student enrollments, foreign scholars, and U.S. study abroad.

Support for Education
'''UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Global Education Digest 2006: Comparing Education Statistics across the World." UNESCO Institute for Statistics. http://www.uis.unesco.org/TEMPLATE/pdf/ged/2006/GED2006.pdf (accessed June 18, 2007).'''
 * Presents a wide range of comparable education indicators which can be used to assess progress towards the Education for All and Millennium Development Goals. These cross-national indicators are also useful for benchmarking the performance of a national education system to those in other countries. The Digest provides data for 2004 or the latest year available, as well as a selection of key indicators for 1999, to allow comparisons over time.

'''Baldi, Stephane, George Khalaf, Marianne Perie, and Joel D. Sherman. "International Education Indicators: A Time Series Perspective, 1985-1995." U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/2000021.pdf (accessed June 18, 2007). Also available in print. '''
 * International Education Indicators: A Time Series Perspective, 1985-1995 compares educational trends in economically developed countries over time. The countries examined in this report are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), an organization of 29 countries dedicated to promoting economic growth and development around the world. This report extends the earlier National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) publication International Education Indicators: A Time Series Perspective from a seven-to an 11-year time series to provide a more comprehensive picture of continuity and change in countries' education systems.

Vocational sources for the US
'''Hoachlander, E. G., & National Center for Education Statistics.,. (1992). Vocational education in the united states, 1969-1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement National Center for Education Statistics.'''
 * The report examines patterns of program participation, selected student outcomes, and the characteristics of teachers in both secondary and postsecondary vocational education. It also provides some information on the academic curriculum.”-ERIC

'''Levesque, K., & National Center for Education Statistics.,. (1995). Vocational education in the united states : The early 1990s. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement.'''
 * “Address such issues as the definition of vocational education, participation rates in vocational education, types of vocational education taken by students, vocational courses, academic preparation received by vocational coursetakers, school-to work programs”- ERIC

Teachers' Employment for the US
'''American Federation of Teachers (AFT). “2004 Survey & Analysis of Teacher Salary Trends.” http://www.aft.org/salary/index.htm (accessed Oct. 31, 2006).'''
 * Data gathered from the annual Teacher Salary Survey and includes the 2004 Survey & Analysis of Teacher Salary Trends and the 2005 AFT Public Employees Compensation Survey.

'''National Education Association. (2003). Status of the American school teacher., 2006 from http://www.nea.org/newsreleases/2003/nr030827.html (accessed June 6, 2007). From site:'''
 * "America's public school teachers spend much of their own time expanding their knowledge and skills, and hundreds of their own dollars purchasing classroom supplies, books, and materials for their students. And not surprisingly, in spite of the long hours and low pay, a majority would return to the classroom if they had it all to do again. These findings are among the thousands of fascinating facts about the professional and personal lives of today's teachers contained in Status of the American Public School Teacher. (PDF, 1.2M, 384 pages) The survey, conducted by the National Education Association (NEA), represents the most comprehensive look at today's public school teaching force."

Preschool and Childcare
'''Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)/National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP). (2006).'''
 * Research Connections offers a comprehensive and easily searchable collection of nearly 8000 resources from the many disciplines related to child care and early education. See especially sections on state data tools, state databases, and datasets and statistics.

Child care and early education research connections.http://www.childcareresearch.org/discover/index.jsp (accessed June 6, 2007).
 * Research Connections offers a comprehensive and easily searchable collection of nearly 8000 resources from the many disciplines related to child care and early education. See especially sections on state data tools, state databases, and datasets and statistics.

Postsecondary
'''Grapevine. Retreived 6/27/2007 from http://www.grapevine.ilstu.edu/'''
 * The Grapevine project entails an annual compilation of data on state tax support for higher education, including general fund appropriations for universities, colleges, community colleges, and state higher education agencies. Each year we ask states for tax appropriations data for the new fiscal year, and we also ask for revisions (if any) to data reported one year ago, two years ago, five years ago, and ten years ago. Updated state reports are entered on the Grapevine web site as they are received from May through December of the calendar year.

'''The Higher Education Research Institute (HERI). Retrieved 6/27/200l from http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/heri/index.php.'''
 * Housed at UCLA, HERI has sponsored research on higher education since 1966 and has some of the most comprehensive studies of higher education data such as the CIRP, now the nation's largest and oldest empirical study of higher education, involving data on some 1,900 institutions, over 12 million students, and more than 300,000 faculty. CIRP surveys have been administered by the Higher Education Research Institute since 1973. The CIRP longitudinal program consists of the Freshman Survey, Your First College Year (YFCY) Survey, and the College Senior Survey (CSS). Also available are faculty surveys.

'''IPEDS--U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved 6/27/2007 from http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/'''
 * Includes data sets on U.S. Colleges and Universities since 1987 on enrollment, staff data, library data, faculty salaries, etc.

'''Kleiner, B., & National Center for Education Statistics.,. (2005). Participation in adult education for work related reasons, 2003. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Education Institute of Education Sciences National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 6/27/2007 from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006040.pdf.'''
 * “This report provides general findings from the Adult Education for Work-Related  Reasons (AEWR) survey of the 2003 National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES). The survey was conducted by random-digit-dial telephone interviewing of the civilian, non-institutionalized population ages 16 and older who were not enrolled in elementary or secondary school at the time of the survey.”

'''United States Bureau of the Census. (2002). 2002 economic census., 2006 from http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/edu-geo2002.html (accessed June 6, 2007).'''
 * Collection of 2002 economic census reports for the NAICS educational services sector. Provides data on specialized schools (such as flight schools, fine arts schools, technical and trade schools etc...). Not included are elementary and secondary schools, junior colleges, colleges and universities. Provides information on number of educational establishments, revenue, expenses, payroll, and number of paid employees.