American Exits Wiki

1609	First African laborers imported to Virginia 1776	Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” 1787	U.S. Constitution 1791-1804	Haitian Revolution Led by Toussaint L’Ouverture, the most successful African slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. Haiti (then known as Saint-Domingue) gains independence from French rule, becoming the second independent republic in the hemisphere after the U.S. 1807	British end slave trade 1817	American Colonization Society (ACS) founded 1822	ACS establish Liberia as place to send formerly enslaved blacks 1831	Nat Turner Rebellion 1832-1912 	Edward Wilmot Blyden 1832	William Lloyd Garrison’s “Thoughts on African Colonization” 1833	Slavery ended in the British Empire 1847	Americo-Liberian settlers declare the independence of Republic of Liberia 1859-1930	Pauline Hopkins 1861-1865 	Civil War 1863 	Emancipation Proclamation 1863-1877 	Reconstruction 1865	13th Amendment “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” 1868 	14th Amendment “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” 1868-1963 	W.E.B. Du Bois 1876-1965	Jim Crow Legal and extra-legal means of maintaining racially segregated spaces in the United States 1882-1914	Western Europe’s “Scramble for Africa” 1887-1940	Marcus Garvey 1887	Blyden publishes Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race 1880-1930	The “Era of Lynching,” killing almost 2500 African Americans 1889-1948	Claude McKay 1891-1960	Zora Neale Hurston 1896 	Plessy v. Ferguson, “separate but equal” 1898	Blyden publishes “The Jewish Question,” two years after the founder of Jewish Zionism, Theodor Herzl, publishes The Jewish State 1900	Pan-African Conference in London 1902	Meroe excavated in Sudan by British Museum archaeologist E.A. Wallis Budge, following earlier “discoveries” in 1834 and 1844 1902-1903	Pauline Hopkins publishes Of One Blood in Colored American 1903	W.E.B. Du Bois publishes Souls of Black Folk 1908	National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded 1914-1919	World War I 1914	Marcus Garvey founds United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) 1914-1993	Herman Poole Blount, aka Sun Ra 1915-1934	U.S. occupy Haiti 1919-1930s	Harlem Renaissance 1919-1946	League of Nations 1919	First Pan-African Congress 1921-1923	Warren G. Harding is 29th U.S. President 1921	Second Pan-African Congress 1922	The Communist International gains interest in the “Negro Problem” 1923	Third Pan-African Congress 1925-1965	Malcolm X 1927	Fourth Pan-African Congress 1929	Claude McKay publishes Banjo: A Story Without a Plot 1929-1968	Martin Luther King, Jr. 1930	Nation of Islam founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad in Detroit 1935-1941	Italo-Abyssinian War and Italian Occupation 1938-	Ishmael Reed 1939	Zora Neale Hurston publishes Moses Man of the Mountain 1939-1945	World War II 1945	Fifth Pan-African Congress 1945	United Nations founded 1948	Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1945-1981	Bob Marley 1947-2006	Octavia Butler 1954	Brown v. Board of Education 1955	Montgomery Bus Boycott 1957	Ghana declares independence from the United Kingdom 1959	Cuban Revolution 1960	Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) founded 1962	Jamaica gains independence 1963-1975	U.S. War in Vietnam 1964	Civil Rights Act 1965	Voting Rights and Immigration Reform Acts 1965-1968	Racial violence throughout the U.S. 1966	“Black Power” and founding of Black Panther Party 1967	Loving v. Virginia: the last anti-miscegenation law, in Virginia, is ruled unconstitutional 1972	Ishmael Reed publishes Mumbo Jumbo 1974	Sun Ra releases Space is the Place 1976	Bicentennial of Declaration of Independence 1979	Octavia Butler publishes Kindred