Hal Leonard: Essential Elements 2000 (Trombone)

(This only includes the tracks, theories and histories.)

Tracks

 * 1) The First Note
 * 2) Count and Play
 * 3) A New Note
 * 4) Two's a Team
 * 5) Heading Down
 * 6) Moving on Up
 * 7) The Long Haul
 * 8) Four by Four
 * 9) Touchdown
 * 10) The Fab Five
 * 11) Reading the Notes
 * 12) First Flight
 * 13) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 14) Rolling Along
 * 15) Rhythm Rap
 * 16) The Half Counts
 * 17) Hot Cross Buns
 * 18) Go Tell Aunt Rhodie ~ American Folk Song
 * 19) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 20) Rhythm Rap
 * 21) The Whole Thing
 * 22) Split Decision - Duet
 * 23) March Steps
 * 24) Listen to Our Sections
 * 25) Lightly Row
 * 26) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 27) Reaching Higher - New Note
 * 28) Au Claire De La Lune ~ French Folk Song
 * 29) Remix
 * 30) London Bridge - Duet ~ English Folk Song
 * 31) A Mozart Melody
 * 32) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 33) Deep Pockets - New Note
 * 34) Doodle All Day
 * 35) Jump Rope
 * 36) A-Tisket, A-Tasket
 * 37) Loud and Soft
 * 38) Jingle Bells ~ J.S. Pierpont
 * 39) My Dreydl ~ Traditional Hanukkah Song
 * 40) Rhythm Rap
 * 41) Eighth Note Jam
 * 42) Skip to My Lou ~ American Folk Song
 * 43) Long, Long Ago
 * Oh, Susanna ~ Stephen Collins Foster
 * 1) Essential Elements Quiz - William Tell ~ Gioacchino Rossini
 * 2) Rhythm Rap
 * 3) Two by Two
 * 4) High School Cadets - March ~ John Philip Sousa
 * 5) Hey, Ho! Nobody's Home
 * 6) Clap the Dynamics
 * 7) Play the Dynamics
 * 8) Performance Warm-Ups
 * 9) * Tone Builder
 * 10) * Rhythm Etude
 * 11) * Rhythm Rap
 * 12) * Chorale
 * 13) Aura Lee - Duet or Band Arrangement ~ George R. Poulton
 * 14) Frère Jacques - Round ~ French Folk Song
 * 15) When the Saints Go Marching In - Band Arrangement ~ Arr. by John Higgins
 * 16) Old MacDonald Had a Band - Section Feature
 * 17) Ode to Joy (from Symphony No. 9) ~ Ludwig van Beethoven; Arr. by John Higgins
 * 18) Hard Rock Blues - Encore ~ John Higgins
 * 19) Fit to Be Tied
 * 20) Alouette ~ French-Canadian Folk Song
 * 21) Alouette - The Sequel ~ French-Canadian Folk Song
 * 22) Camptown Races ~ Stephen Collins Foster
 * 23) New Directions
 * 24) The Nobles
 * 25) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 26) Rhythm Rap
 * 27) Three Beat Jam
 * 28) Barcarolle ~ Jacques Offenbach
 * 29) Morning (from Peer Gynt) ~ Edvard Grieg
 * 30) Accent Your Talent
 * 31) Mexican Clapping Song ("Chiapanecas") ~ Latin American Folk Song
 * 32) Essential Creativity
 * 33) Hot Muffins - New Note
 * 34) Cossack Dance
 * 35) Basic Blues - New Note
 * 36) High Flying
 * 37) Sakura, Sakura - Band Arrangement ~ Japanese Folk Song; Arr. by John Higgins
 * 38) Up on a Housetop
 * 39) Jolly Old St. Nick - Duet
 * 40) The Big Airstream - New Note
 * 41) Waltz Theme (The Merry Widow Waltz) ~ Franz Lehar
 * 42) Air Time
 * 43) Down by the Station
 * 44) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 45) Essential Creativity
 * 46) Tone Builder
 * 47) Rhythm Builder
 * 48) Technique Trax
 * 49) Chorale (Adapted from Cantata 147) ~ Johann Sebastian Bach
 * 50) Variations on a Familiar Theme
 * 51) Banana Boat Song ~ Caribbean Folk Song
 * 52) Razor's Edge - New Note
 * 53) The Music Box
 * 54) Ezekiel Saw the Wheel ~ African-American Spiritual
 * 55) Smooth Operator
 * 56) Gliding Along
 * 57) Trombone Rag
 * 58) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 59) Take the Lead - New Note
 * 60) The Cold Wind
 * 61) Phraseology
 * 62) Satin Latin
 * 63) Minuet - Duet ~ Johann Sebastian Bach
 * 64) Essential Creativity
 * 65) Naturally
 * 66) March Militaire ~ Franz Schubert
 * 67) The Flat Zone - New Note
 * 68) On Top of Old Smokey ~ American Folk Song
 * 69) Bottom Bass Boogie - Duet
 * 70) Rhythm Rap
 * 71) The Dot Always Counts
 * 72) All Through the Night
 * 73) Sea Chanty ~ English Folk Song
 * 74) Scarborough Fair ~ English Folk Song
 * 75) Rhythm Rap
 * 76) The Turnaround
 * 77) Essential Elements Quiz - Auld Lang Syne ~ Scottish Folk Song
 * 78) Theme from "New World Symphony" ~ Antonin Dvorák
 * 79) Grenadilla Gorilla Jump No. 1
 * 80) Jumpin' Up and Down
 * 81) Grenadilla Gorilla Jump No. 2
 * 82) Jumpin' for Joy
 * 83) Grenadilla Gorilla Jump No. 3
 * 84) Jumpin' Jacks
 * 85) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 86) Grenadilla Gorilla Jump No. 4
 * 87) Three is the Count
 * 88) Grenadilla Gorilla Jump No. 5
 * 89) Technique Trax
 * 90) Crossing Over - New Note
 * 91) Kum Bah Yah - Trio ~ African Folk Song
 * 92) Michael Row the Boat Ashore ~ African-American Spiritual
 * 93) Austrian Waltz ~ Austrian Folk Song
 * 94) Botany Bay ~ Australian Folk Song
 * 95) Technique Trax
 * 96) Finlandia ~ Jean Sibelius
 * 97) Essential Creativity
 * 98) Easy Gorilla Jumps
 * 99) Technique Trax
 * 100) More Technique Trax
 * 101) German Folk Song
 * 102) The Saints Go Marchin' Again ~ James Black and Katherine Purvis
 * 103) Lowland Gorilla Walk
 * 104) Smooth Sailing
 * 105) More Gorilla Jumps
 * 106) Full Coverage
 * 107) Concert B♭ Scale
 * 108) In Harmony
 * 109) Scale and Arpeggio
 * 110) Theme from "Surprise Symphony" ~ Franz Josef Haydn
 * 111) Essential Elements Quiz - The Streets of Laredo ~ American Folk Song
 * 112) School Spirit - Band Arrangement ~ W.T. Purdy; Arr. by John Higgins
 * 113) Carnival of Venice - Band Arrangement ~ Julius Benedict; Arr. by John Higgins
 * 114) Range and Flexibility Builder
 * 115) Technique Trax
 * 116) Chorale ~ Johann Sebastian Bach
 * 117) Hatikvah ~ Israeli National Anthem
 * 118) Rhythm Rap
 * 119) Eighth Note March
 * 120) Minuet ~ Johann Sebastian Bach
 * 121) Rhythm Rap
 * 122) Eighth Notes Off the Beat
 * 123) Eighth Note Scramble
 * 124) Essential Elements Quiz
 * 125) Dancing Melody - New Note
 * 126) El Capitan ~ John Philip Sousa
 * 127) O Canada ~ Calixa Lavallee, I'Hon. Judge Routhier and Justice R.S. Weir
 * 128) Essential Elements Quiz - Meter Mania
 * 129) Snake Charmer
 * 130) Dark Shadows
 * 131) Close Encounters
 * 132) March Slav ~ Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky
 * 133) Notes in Disguise
 * 134) Half-Steppin'
 * 135) Egyptian Dance ~ Camille Saint-Saëns
 * 136) Silver Moon Boat ~ Chinese Folk Song
 * 137) Theme from Symphony No. 7 - Duet ~ Ludwig van Beethoven
 * 138) Capriccio Italien ~ Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky
 * 139) American Patrol ~ F.W. Meacham
 * 140) Wayfaring Stranger ~ African-American Spiritual
 * 141) Essential Elements Quiz - Scale Counting Conquest
 * 142) America the Beautiful - Band Arrangement ~ Samuel A. Ward; Arr. by John Higgins
 * 143) La Cucaracha - Band Arrangement ~ Latin American Folk Song; Arr. by John Higgins
 * 144) Theme from 1812 Overture - Band Arrangement ~ Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky; Arr. by John Higgins
 * 145) Theme from Symphony No. 1 - Solo ~ Johannes Brahms; Arr. by John Higgins
 * 146) Swing Low, Sweet Chariot - Duet ~ African-American Spiritual
 * 147) La Bamba - Duet ~ Mexican Folk Song

Bass Clef (𝄢)
(F Clef) indicates the position of note names on a music staff: Fourth line is F.

Time Signature
indicates how many beats per measure and what kind of note gets one beat.

4/4 = 4 beats per measure, Quarter note gets one beat

Note Names
Each note is on a line or space of the staff. These note names are indicated by the Bass Clef.

Sharp (♯)
raises the note and remains in effect for the entire measure.

Flat (♭)
lowers the note and remains in effect for the entire measure.

Natural (♮)
cancels a flat (♭) or sharp (♯) and remains in effect for the entire measure.

Key Signature
The Key Signature tells us which notes to play with sharps (♯) or flats (♭) throughout the music. Your Key Signature indicates the Key of B♭ - play all B's and E's as flats.

Harmony
Two or more notes played together. Each combination forms a chord.

2/4 Time Signature
2/4 = 2 beats per measure, Quarter note gets one beat

Conducting
Practice conducting this two-beat pattern.

3/4 Time Signature
3/4 = 3 beats per measure, Quarter note gets one beat

Conducting
Practice conducting this three-beat pattern.

Accidental
Any sharp, flat or natural sign which appears in the music without being in the key signature is called an accidental.

Flat
A flat sign lowers the pitch of a note by a half-step. The note A-flat sounds a half-step below A, and all A's become A-flats for the rest of the measure where they occur.

New Key Signature
This Key Signature indicates the Key of E♭ - play all B's as B-flats, all E's as E-flats, and all A's as A-flats.

1st & 2nd Endings
Play through the 1st Ending. Then play the repeated section of music, skipping the 1st Ending and playing the 2nd Ending.

Theme and Variations
A musical form featuring a theme, or primary melody, followed by variations, or altered versions of the theme.

Natural
A natural sign cancels a flat (♭) or sharp (♯) and remains in effect for the entire measure.

Phrase
A musical "sentence" which is often 2 or 4 measures long. Try to play a phrase in one breath.

New Key Signature
This Key Signature indicates the Key of F - play all B's as B-flats.

Multiple Measure Rest
The number above the staff tells you how many measures to rest. Count each measure of rest in sequence.

Interval
The distance between two pitches is called an interval. Starting with "1" on the lower note, count each line and space between the notes. The number of the higher note is the distance of the interval.

𝄴 Time Signature
𝄴 = Common Time (Same as 4/4)

Conducting
Practice conducting this four-beat pattern.

Scale
A scale is a sequence of notes in ascending or descending order. Like a musical "ladder," each step is the next consecutive note in the key. This scale is in your Key of B♭ (two flats), so the top and bottom notes are both B♭'s. The interval between the B♭'s is an octave.

Chord & Arpeggio
When two or more notes are played together, they form a chord or harmony. This B♭ chord is built from the 1st, 3rd and 5th steps of the B♭ scale. The 8th step is the same as the 1st, but it is an octave higher. An arpeggio is a "broken" chord whose notes are played individually.

Enharmonics
Two notes that are written differently, but sound the same (and played with the same fingering) are called enharmonics. Your fingering chart on pages 46-47 shows the fingerings for the enharmonic notes on your instrument.

On a piano keyboard, each black key is both a flat and a sharp.

Chromatic Notes
Chromatic notes are altered with sharps, flats and natural signs which are not in the key signature. The smallest distance between two notes is a half-step, and a scale made up of consecutive half-steps is called a chromatic scale.

History
Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) was a child prodigy who started playing professionally at age six, and lived during the time of the American Revolution. Mozart's music is melodic and imaginative. He wrote more than 600 compositions during his short life, including a piano piece based on the famous song, "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star."

Italian composer Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868) began composing as a teenager and was very proficient on the piano, viola and horn. He wrote "William Tell" at age 37 as the last of his forty operas, and its familiar theme is still heard today on radio and television.

American composer Stephen Collins Foster (1826-1864) was born near Pittsburgh, PA. He has become one of the most recognized song writer of his time for works such as "Oh Susanna," which became popular during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Among his most well-known songs are "My Old Kentucky Home" and "Camptown Races".

Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg (1843-1907) wrote Peer Gynt Suite for a play by Henrik Ibsen in 1875, the year before the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. "Morning" is a melody from Peer Gynt Suite. Music used in plays, or in films and television, is called incidental music.

Latin American music has its roots in the African, Native American, Spanish and Portuguese cultures. This diverse music features lively accompaniments by drums and other percussion instruments such as maracas and claves. Music from Latin America contionues to influence jazz, classical and popular styles of music. "Chiapanecas" is a popular children's dance and game song.

Japanese folk music actually has its origins in ancient China. "Sakura, Sakura" was performed on instruments such as the koto, a 13-string instrument that is more than 4000 years old, and the shakuhachi or bamboo flute. The unique sound of this ancient Japanese melody results from the pentatonic (or five-note) sequence used in this tonal system.

African-American spirituals originated in the 1700's, midway through the period of slavery in the United States. One of the largest categories of true American folk music, these primarily religious songs were sung and passed on for generations without being written down. The first collection of spirituals was published in 1867, four years after The Emancipation Proclamation was signed into law.

Ragtime is an American music style that was popular from the 1890's until the time of World War I. This early form of jazz brought fame to pianists like "Jelly Roll" Morton and Scott Joplin, who wrote "The Entertainer" and "Maple Leaf Rag." Surprisingly, the style was incorporated into some orchestral music by Igor Stravinsky and Claude Debussy. A special trombone technique used in ragtime is called a glissando, which looks like this: 𝆲. To play a glissando, move your slide without tonguing and use a full airstream. Remember that glissandos are different from legato tonguing (slurs).

German composer Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was part of a large family of famous musicians and became the most recognized composers of the Baroque era. Beginning as a choir member, Bach soon became an organist, a teacher, and a prolific composer, writing more than 600 masterworks. This Minuet, or dance in 3/4 time, was written as a teaching piece for use with an early form of the piano.

Austrian composer Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828) lived a shorter life than any other great composer, but he created an incredible amount of music: more than 600 art-songs (concert music for voice and accompaniment), ten symphonies, chamber music, operas, choral music and piano pieces. His "March Militaire" was originally a piano duet.

Boogie-woogie is a style of the blues, and it was first recorded by Clarence "Pine Top" Smith in 1928, one year after Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic. A form of jazz, blues music also features altered notes and is usually written in 12-measure verses, like "Bottom Bass Boogie".

Austrian composer Franz Josef Haydn (1732-1809) wrote 104 symphonies. Many of these works had nicknames and included brilliant, unique effects for their time. His Symphony No. 94 was named "The Surprise Symphony" because the soft second movement included a sudden loud dynamic, intented to wake up an often sleepy audience. Pay special attention to dynamics when you play this famous theme.

The traditional Hebrew melody "Hatikvah" has been Israel's national anthem since the nation's inception. At the Declaration of State in 1948, it was sung by the gathered assembly during the opening ceremony and played by members of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra at its conclusion.

American composer and conductor John Philip Sousa (1854-1932) wrote 136 marches. Known as "The March King," Sousa wrote The Stars And Stripes Forever, Semper Fidelis, The Washington Post and many other patriotic works. Sousa's band performed all over the country, and his fame helped boost the popularity of bands in America. Here is a melody from his famous El Capitan operetta and march.

"O Canada," formerly known as the "National Song," was performed during 1880 in French Canada. Robert Stanley Weir translated the English language version in 1908, but it was not adopted as the national anthem of Canada until 1890, one hundred years after its premiere.

French composer Camille Saint-Saëns (1835-1921) wrote music virtually for evry medium: operas, suites, symphonies and chamber works. The "Egyptian Dance" is one of the main themes from his famous opera Samson et Delilah. The opera was written in the same year that Thomas Edison invented the phonograph - 1877.

German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is considered to be one of the world's greatest composers, despite becoming completely deaf in 1802. Although he could not hear his music the way we can, he could "hear" it in his mind. As a testament to his greatness, his Symphony No. 9 (p. 13) was performed as the finale to the ceremony celebrating the reunification of Germany in 1990. This is the theme from his Symphony No. 7, second movement.

Russian composer Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) wrote six symphonies and hundreds of other works including The Nutcracker ballet. He was a master at writing brilliant settings of folk music, and his original melodies are among the most popular of all time. His 1812 Overture and Capriccio Italien were both written in 1880, the year after Thomas Edison developed the practical light bulb.