TelephoneNetworkRollout

TableOfContents back to http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Sasecurity

Equipment needed to lay underground ducting
Laying underground CableFlex of Flexitube ducting 60cm below the soil for a telephone network in open streets needs Piercing tool HorizontalDirectionaldrilling, TrenchingEquipment and VibratoryPlow. The http://www.ditchwitch.com Piercing Tool, Walk-behind Trencher and Walk-behind Vibratory plow costs about $3000 dollars each on http://www.ebay.com. This gives one a rough indication that if we pool about R100 000 we can import this equipment and start building our exchanges. We have "unofficial" permission from Pretoria and Nelspruit council to do this. More about this under LegalPerspective

Options in building a telephone exchange
* Joint-perimeter-wall ducting using TrenchingEquipment and a walk-behind VibratoryPlow * Under the driveway ducting using TrenchingEquipment,VibratoryPlow and Piercingtool(HorizontalDirectionaldrilling) * TelephonePoles * Clamp TwistedPair to Telkom's poles - UseTelkomsPoles * Cut through tar roads via DirectBuriedDuct or go under it via HorizontalDirectionaldrilling * BroadbandOverPowerlines are 3x more expensive than a DsLam rollout. * CWDM course wave division multiplexing only viable on fiber runs over 1km. * FiberAndDslamCombined * You can either build the network yourself or contract TelephoneNetworkBuilders

Joint perimeter wall ducting
attachment:housePerim.png

Click on the thumbnail to get a larger image. A 1km backbone trench is formed down the joint perimeter of the houses as indicated by the yellow line using TrenchingEquipment. A 75mm or 110mm CableFlex pipe is laid inside this trench down the joint perimeter of the houses. The backbone is only on one side of the houses(Yellow stripe). The green line indicates where a poly-pipe is laid via a walk-behind VibratoryPlow, connecting the house to the backbone. A galvanised wire is inserted inside the CableFlex with which the TwistedPair copper is pulled down the length of the pipe. Bentonite is used to lubricate the inside of the CableFlex should the distance that the wires must be pulled exceed a certain limit. Bentonite is usually used to lubricate the drillrods of HorizontalDirectionaldrilling. Instead of using a galvanised steel wire to pull the cables from house to house a CableJettingAndPipes machine can be used. http://www.didata.co.za recently used a Cablejetting machine to insert FiberAndCopper inside Wits University fiber underground ducting network. At the junction of H3,H4 (magenta circles on image) a small tunnel under the wall foundation is made to insert the CableFlex. Making a short tunnel under the wall foundation is a simple process and there is no need to use a Piercingtool, DingoDrill or soil-displacement-mole as described at HorizontalDirectionaldrilling for such a short distance.

The TwistedPair housed inside LDPE connects each house to the backbone. The LDPE connects to the DrillBoxes against the wall. A hole is drilled through the wall through which the TwistedPair is pulled, connecting the house to the CableFlex backbone. At any time additional fiber or copper can be CableJettingAndPipes to any house. The DsLam is placed at the CentralOffice as the picture indicates. Each house has an ADSL modem which connects to the DsLam. With additional TwistedPair installed in the backbone CCTV is streamed to the CentralOffice as indicated by the red cylinder in the picture. Any house could function as the CentralOffice but to minimise the cable runs the centre of the street should be the designated house. Or even four centre houses could be used. A Rodpusher(See HorizontalDirectionaldrilling can be used to tunnel down the joint perimeter line(Yellow line) for houses that don't wish to allow TrenchingEquipment to cut a trench down the length of their wall. A HDPE pipe is pulled back into the tunnel by the rodpusher.

Combine wireless with DSLAM
We have looked at the option of giveing each house a VDSL modem. But I think the best way to implement this is shareing one VDSL2+ modem between eight homes and making extensive use of http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/LinksysWrt54g to create mini hotspots down a copper backbone with TwistedPair on http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/UseTelkomsPoles.

Lets presume there are 40 houses boxed in between two tar roads shareing one CentralOffice - red cylinder on http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/TelephoneNetworkRollout. By combining wireless with DsLam, 40 homes on the one side of the road and 40 on the other side for a total of 80 shares a single 12port VDSL2+ http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/DsLam. Eight homes will share one VDSL2+ modem via wireless LinksysWrt54g http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/LinksysWrt54g or http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/MeshNetworking using the http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/WiaNa interface. There are over 150 wiki pages on MeshNetworking at Scratchpad.

Designate ten homes, thus we only need 10 TwistedPair which is clamped to Telkoms poles - http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/UseTelkomsPoles. Any of the four homes on the joint perimeter as marked by the magenta circles (http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/TelephoneNetworkRollout) will be the mini Wi-Fi hotspot. The surrounding four homes and four homes accross the street for a total of eight connects on this short distance to the hotspot. The Wi-Fi hotspot connects as many AP as needed around the designated home. These APs connects to a switch via cat-5, which connects to a router and the router interfaces with the VDSL2+ modem providing these eight homes with 50meg up and down.

[b]Financial[/b] * Cheap pirated $25 LinksysWRT54G from http://www.starnetwifi.com to a mini-hotspot: 100 x $25 = $2500 * Antennna, pigtails connects etc 100 x ? = lets just say R30000 * One 12 port VDSL2+ http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/DsLam: $1200 * Ten VDSL2+ modems: $200 x 10 = $2000 * 10 TwistedPair: R0,55 x 10 = R5.5 or R2750 to the left, right of CentralOffice = R5500 * switch x 10: R4000 * router x 10: * Cat-5 cable ? * UV resistant pipe? * Ballpark estimate around $5700 + R5500 + R4000 + R30000 = R76084. Or about R1000 per home. This figure can be considerably reduced if the four houses on the joint perimeter(magenta circles) connects cat-5 cable via http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/VibratoryPlow to a switch at the VDSL2+ modem instead of wireless or just suspends it from Telkom's pole. From a technical,spectrum and financial perspective the wireless should only be used to bridge the road to the four houses on the opposite side.

Using short range 802.11g wireless eight homes shares 50megs up/down from the VDSL2+ modem. This will enable http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/CctvCameras, http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/TelevisionOverInternet and other high bandwidth intensive applications that a wireless network on itself will never be able to handle. Creating wireless hotspots every 100m on a fixedline backbone is the proper way to leverage wireless as this allows the network to scale upto any size as each CentralOffice gets linked via http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/DirectBuriedDuct and protects our spectrum.

Even estate agents will tell you that private community fixedwired connections boosts the property value. And wireless? Nothing, zero - it has no effect on property value. The critical factor is convincing your brainwashed neighbours to allow those 10 TwistedPair wires clamped to Telkoms pole - the rest is a piece of cake. You could even initially finance the TwistedPair all by yourself. Most people won't have a problem with you actually clamping wires to Telkom's poles accross their yard as long as they don't have to pay for it. And then ofcourse upload these pole clamping expeditions unto http://www.youtube.co.za with the full address just to call Telkoms bluff.

Then we can all sit back and await the response - now that will be interesting! And as stated the best place to pull this stunt is in Soweto: The http://www.npa.gov.za can't have one set of criminal laws for black people and another for whites!. It will also carry the political backing of the ANC(well at least some in the ANC) because black people are now simply cut-off from ADSL bandwidth.

We just need to get a street or two going. There actually are some of you that have clamped at least cat-5 cable to Telkom's pole going to your neighbour.:) Now don't be chicken man upload that video for us! Just think what an inspiration you will be to the IT world:[i]You will go down in South-African IT history as the person that actually managed to rally a nation convincing them to establish themselves as the defacto TNO. All it takes is just one posted Youtube video. If Telkom ignores it we post another and another. Telkom's legal department blows a gasget, to bad black aren't afraid of Telkom. Its only whites who gets themselves worked up over empty idle threats.

They just like the rest of South-Africa don't know what technical steps to implement. There are some very effluent neighbourhoods in Soweto for whom a once of R1000 is peanuts. Using the AODV functionality of http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/MeshNetworking we will bring Telkom ADSL to a single point and not like http://www.wapa.org.za muck-up the spectrum by placing longdistance parabolics on each person's roof - only one roof!

Do you seriously think the courts is going to give Telkom injunctions to invade thousands of private properties to take down our wires? It is just amazing to me what powers of propaganda the mass media in South-Africa has. They keep on saying the same the same mindnumbing thing over and over again: Telkom is useless. Which is like stating over and over the sun shines to hot - why don't you build a shelter then. And it is not Telkom that is useless it is the ANC who expects Waterkloof to finance the copper extraction business in KatsonderDraai. Nothing is going to change in this country unless you http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/UseTelkomsPoles. Have you any idea in just what a strong position we really are: The poles are on our private property and Telkom can't just kick down our gates. If we like one man refuse them entry there is nothing they can do about it.

The real reason Telkom and Icasa had a heart attack over wireless wasn't because of wireless but because they knew that it would just be a matter of time before somebody actually manages to figure out that there is no difference between sending data accross the road using wireless and sending data accross the road using cat-5 cable.

Under the driveway ducting
attachment:pavementTrench.png The backbone can also be laid under the driveway of every house as indicated by the yellow line. This is an alternative setup to the Joint Perimeter layout. Using a VibratoryPlow each house is connected to the backbone. The plow lays the LDPE pipe upto the House Perimeter. A hole is bored under the wall through the wall foundation with a Coredrill and a pipe  is inserted under the wall. Inside the House Perimeter the VibratoryPlow completes the run to the DrillBoxes. The house on the other side of the jointwall is also connected via a VibratoryPlow to the backbone. The yellow line indicates where a trench is cut upto each driveway using TrenchingEquipment. Either a Rod-pusher, Piercing Tool, DingoDrill or HorizontalDirectionaldrilling is used to tunnel under the driveway. The tunnel must be at least 60cm below the driveway. Thus the driveway is not lifted or harmed in any way. A piercingtool is prefered for such a short distance under the driveway. The two CentralOffice(CO) on either side of the tarroad are connected via a Fiber optics backbone using DirectBuriedDuct. See FiberAndCopper. Either TelephonePoles or HorizontalDirectionaldrilling can be used to form this backbone. In this manner hundreds of residential blocks are connected to the fiber backbone linking the DsLam at each CentralOffice and creating a vast community telephone network in South Africa.

Establish multiple drillboxes
VibratoryPlow around the a perimeter. Lay 20mm LDPE and install TwistedPair, Rg-58,Molex ATX connector for desktop PC, Alarm cable and CAT-5 Ethernet cable. At various points on the LDPE install DrillBoxes and connect muyltiple types of cable to the DrillBoxes. At these points any Ethernet device, PIR or analog camara can be installed. Ideally the communications cable should be layed before the house is even built.

Combining CCTV with DSLAM
A single TwistedPair will trasnmit the VDSL CPE CCTV data for five houses to the CentralOffice. Five houses will thus have 2.4megs available to them per house for simultaneous downstream transmission. CCTV data is only one-way to the CO. Copper is expensive and sharing TwistedPair in this manner reduces the costs. Each house has a ZoneMinder box. CAT5 cable streams the ZoneMinder box data to the ServingAreaInterface (purple box) from where it is uploaded to the VDSL bridge CPE. PolyPipeOnPerimeters shows the purple box(ServingAreaInterface)

Link Dslams with fiber optics
["CWDM"] - course wave division multiplexing BR ["CWDM"] network switches allows a fiber strand to be 'split up' into four or more seperate data channels. Each channel uses a different nanometer range light spectrum. The CentralOffice ["CWDM"] sends data to the ["CWDM"] CPE device. Each ["CWDM"] device can interface with a DsLam. In this way an 8-core fiber can serivce 16 DSLAMs for example. The fiber is run down the centre of the streets as indicated by the red cylinders the pictures. The simplest is to suspend the fiber cable from telephone poles at the points indicated by the red cylinders. Underground ducting can be used but will escelate the costs. A telephone pole allows additional fiber to be suspended at anytime and thus a phased gradual cost effective rollout can be achieved.

Links telephone networks
* PolyPipeOnPerimeters * HybridMeshAndTelephone * FinancingTelephoneNetworks * TelephoneNetworkCosts * WirelessComparedtoTelephonePoles